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Python进阶25-Django Web框架

Python,进阶,25,Django,Web,框架

2025-03-13 21:27:18 时间

-曾老湿, 江湖人称曾老大。

-多年互联网运维工作经验，曾负责过大规模集群架构自动化运维管理工作。 -擅长Web集群架构与自动化运维，曾负责国内某大型金融公司运维工作。 -devops项目经理兼DBA。 -开发过一套自动化运维平台（功能如下）： 1)整合了各个公有云API，自主创建云主机。 2)ELK自动化收集日志功能。 3)Saltstack自动化运维统一配置管理工具。 4)Git、Jenkins自动化代码上线及自动化测试平台。 5)堡垒机，连接Linux、Windows平台及日志审计。 6)SQL执行及审批流程。 7)慢查询日志分析web界面。

基于socket手撸web框架

服务端

import socket

sc = socket.socket()
sc.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8001))
sc.listen(5)

while True:
    so, addr = sc.accept()
    data = so.recv(1024)
    print(data)
    so.send(b'hello zls web')
    so.close()

显示不了，为啥呢？因为服务端给浏览器返回的内容，浏览器不认识。我们要给浏览器返回http协议的内容

返回HTTP协议

import socket

sc = socket.socket()
sc.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8001))
sc.listen(5)

while True:
    so, addr = sc.accept()
    data = so.recv(1024)
    print(data)
    so.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\nhello zls web')
    so.close()

添加响应体

import socket

sc = socket.socket()
sc.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8002))
sc.listen(5)

while True:
    so, addr = sc.accept()
    data = so.recv(1024)
    print(data)
    so.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type:text/html\r\n\r\nhello zls web')
    so.close()

取出uri

import socket

sc = socket.socket()
sc.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8001))
sc.listen(5)

while True:
    so, addr = sc.accept()
    data = so.recv(1024)
    print(data)
    data=str(data,encoding='utf-8')
    uri=data.split('\r\n')[0].split(' ')[1]
    print(uri)
    so.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type:text/html\r\n\r\nhello zls web')
    so.close()

获取用户访问路径

import socket

sc = socket.socket()
sc.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8001))
sc.listen(5)

while True:
    so, addr = sc.accept()
    data = so.recv(1024)
    so.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type:text/html\r\n\r\n')
    data=str(data,encoding='utf-8')
    uri=data.split('\r\n')[0].split(' ')[1]

    if uri == '/':
        so.send(b'index.html')
    else:
        so.send(b'404')


    so.close()

返回HTML

我们来返回一个html代码

import socket

sc = socket.socket()
sc.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8002))
sc.listen(5)

while True:
    so, addr = sc.accept()
    data = so.recv(1024)
    so.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type:text/html\r\n\r\n')
    data=str(data,encoding='utf-8')
    uri=data.split('\r\n')[0].split(' ')[1]

    if uri == '/':
        so.send(b'<h1>zls_web</h1><img src="https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1591892187097&di=acd00d338f39e4d31aae486db1b53ec7&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2Fb.hiphotos.baidu.com%2Fzhidao%2Fpic%2Fitem%2F279759ee3d6d55fb0b6e354e6b224f4a20a4dd2a.jpg">')
    else:
        so.send(b'404')


    so.close()

竟然这样可以返回一个html，那么我们是不是可以写到一个html文件中？

HTML写入文件

import socket

sc = socket.socket()
sc.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8002))
sc.listen(5)

while True:
    so, addr = sc.accept()
    data = so.recv(1024)
    so.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type:text/html\r\n\r\n')
    data=str(data,encoding='utf-8')
    uri=data.split('\r\n')[0].split(' ')[1]

    if uri == '/':
        with open('index.html','rb') as f:
            page=f.read()
        so.send(page)
    else:
        so.send(b'404')


    so.close()

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-Hans">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>曾老湿web</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>zls_web</h1>
<img src="https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1591892187097&di=acd00d338f39e4d31aae486db1b53ec7&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2Fb.hiphotos.baidu.com%2Fzhidao%2Fpic%2Fitem%2F279759ee3d6d55fb0b6e354e6b224f4a20a4dd2a.jpg">
</body>
</html>

基于wsgiref自定义web框架

服务端

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server


def run(env, response):
    print(env)
    response('200 OK', [('Content-type', 'text/html')])
    return [b'hello zls web']


if __name__ == '__main__':
    ser = make_server('127.0.0.1', 8003, run)
    ser.serve_forever()

取出uri

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server


def index(env):
    return 'index'


def zls_time(env):
    return 'zls_time'


def error(env):
    return '404'


urls = [
    ('/', index),
    ('/time', zls_time),
]


def run(env, response):
    response('200 OK', [('Content-type', 'text/html')])
    uri = env['PATH_INFO']
    func = None
    for url in urls:
        if uri == url[0]:
            func = url[1]
            break
    if func:
        response = func(env)
    else:
        response = error(env)

    return [response.encode('utf-8')]


if __name__ == '__main__':
    ser = make_server('127.0.0.1', 8003, run)
    ser.serve_forever()

分开路由

wsgiServer.py

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server

from url import urls
from views import error

def run(env, response):
    response('200 OK', [('Content-type', 'text/html')])
    uri = env['PATH_INFO']
    func = None
    for url in urls:
        if uri == url[0]:
            func = url[1]
            break
    if func:
        response = func(env)
    else:
        response = error(env)

    return [response.encode('utf-8')]


if __name__ == '__main__':
    ser = make_server('127.0.0.1', 8003, run)
    ser.serve_forever()

views.py

def index(env):
    return 'index'


def zls_time(env):
    return 'zls_time'


def error(env):
    return '404'

url.py

from views import *

urls = [
    ('/', index),
    ('/time', zls_time),
]

创建一个存放HTML的目录

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-Hans">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>曾老湿index</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>曾老湿 index 页面</h1>
<img src="https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1591892187097&di=acd00d338f39e4d31aae486db1b53ec7&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2Fb.hiphotos.baidu.com%2Fzhidao%2Fpic%2Fitem%2F279759ee3d6d55fb0b6e354e6b224f4a20a4dd2a.jpg">
</body>
</html>

views.py

def index(env):
    with open('templates/index.html','r') as f:
        data=f.read()
    return data


def zls_time(env):
    return 'zls_time'


def error(env):
    return '404'

动态请求

time.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>曾老湿time</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        {{ time }}
    </div>
</body>
</html>

views.py

import datetime


def index(env):
    with open('templates/index.html', 'r') as f:
        data = f.read()
    return data


def zls_time(env):
    ctime = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %X')
    with open('templates/time.html', 'r') as f:
        data = f.read()
        data = data.replace('{{ time }}', ctime)
    return data


def error(env):
    return '404'

上面代码我们手动替换的页面。

使用jinja2渲染页面

安装jinja2

views.py

import datetime
from jinja2 import Template


def index(env):
    with open('templates/index.html', 'r') as f:
        data = f.read()
    return data


def zls_time(env):
    ctime = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %X')
    with open('templates/time.html', 'r') as f:
        data = f.read()
        data = data.replace('{{ time }}', ctime)
    return data


def test(env):
    with open('templates/test.html', 'r') as f:
        data = f.read()

    tem = Template(data)
    response = tem.render(user={'name': 'zls', 'age': 18})
    return response


def error(env):
    return '404'

url.py

from views import *

urls = [
    ('/', index),
    ('/time', zls_time),
    ('/test',test)
]

test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>曾老湿 test web</title>
</head>
<body>
    {{user.name}}
    {{user.age}}
</body>
</html>

从数据库中取出数据渲染页面

url输入user拿出用户

url.py

from views import *

urls = [
    ('/', index),
    ('/time', zls_time),
    ('/test',test),
    ('/user',user),
]

views.py

import datetime
from jinja2 import Template
import pymysql


def index(env):
    with open('templates/index.html', 'r') as f:
        data = f.read()
    return data


def zls_time(env):
    ctime = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %X')
    with open('templates/time.html', 'r') as f:
        data = f.read()
        data = data.replace('{{ time }}', ctime)
    return data


def test(env):
    with open('templates/test.html', 'r') as f:
        data = f.read()

    tem = Template(data)
    response = tem.render(user={'name': 'zls', 'age': 18})
    return response


def user(env):
    conn = pymysql.connect(host='10.0.0.51', port=3306, user='zls', password='123', database='zls')
    cursor=conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
    cursor.execute('select *  from zls.user')
    dic=cursor.fetchall()
    print(dic)
    with open('templates/user.html', 'r') as f:
        data = f.read()

    tem = Template(data)
    response = tem.render(user_list=dic)
    return response



def error(env):
    return '404'

user.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>曾老湿 MySQL User页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1">
    <thead>
    <tr>
        <th>id</th>
        <th>名字</th>
        <th>年龄</th>
    </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
    {% for user in user_list %}
    <tr>
        <td>{{user.id}}</td>
        <td>{{user.name}}</td>
        <td>{{user.age}}</td>
    </tr>
    {% endfor %}
    </tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

修改数据库，在再查看页面

mysql> insert into zls.user values(3,'lxx',73);

Django安装

安装方式

Django官方网站:TP

1.方法一

(venv) bash-3.2$ pip3 install Django==1.11.18

2.方法二

创建Django项目

命令创建项目

# 进入目录
MacBook-pro:PYTHON driverzeng$ cd /Users/driverzeng/Desktop/PYTHON

#创建项目
MacBook-pro:PYTHON driverzeng$ django-admin startproject myfirstdjango

创建项目不够，还需要创建app，也就是不同的功能模块

# 进入到Django项目目录下
MacBook-pro:PYTHON driverzeng$ cd /Users/driverzeng/Desktop/PYTHON/myfirstdjango

# 创建app01
MacBook-pro:myfirstdjango driverzeng$ python3 manage.py startapp app01

使用pycharm打开项目

注意： 1.项目的路径不能有中文 2.计算机名字不能有中文 3.一个工程就是一个项目

# 项目入口，执行一些命令
manage.py

# myfirstdjango 项目
settings.py
urls：总路由，请求地址跟视图函数映射关系

# app01
migrations：数据库迁移的记录
models.py：数据库表模型
views.py：视图函数

图形化创建项目：推荐

启动项目

方法一：

MacBook-pro:myfirstdjango driverzeng$ python3 manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8001

方法二：

写第一个页面

urls.py

"""zlsdjango URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01.views import *

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'index/', index),
]

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect

# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    return render(request,'index.html',{'name':'zls'})

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>曾老湿第一个Django页面</title>
</head>
<body>
    {{ name }}
</body>
</html>

Django请求的生命周期

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当前栏目

Python进阶25-Django Web框架

基于socket手撸web框架

基于wsgiref自定义web框架

从数据库中取出数据渲染页面

Django安装

创建Django项目

写第一个页面

Django请求的生命周期

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